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Chapter 1

Becoming a Permanent Resident

The process of settling in the UK and obtaining permanent residency

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Becoming a Permanent Resident

Overview

To apply for UK permanent residency (also known as Indefinite Leave to Remain, or ILR) or citizenship, applicants must demonstrate two core competencies: English language proficiency and substantive knowledge about life in the UK.

Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR)

Indefinite Leave to Remain is the immigration status that allows a person to live and work in the UK without any time restrictions. It is also known as settlement or permanent residency.

Requirements for Settlement

To qualify for ILR, applicants typically must:

  • Have lived in the UK for a continuous qualifying period (usually 5 years on a qualifying visa)
  • Pass the Life in the UK test
  • Meet the English language requirement (at CEFR B1 level or above)
  • Not have spent too much time outside the UK during the qualifying period
  • Meet specific requirements related to their visa category
  • Not have any serious criminal convictions
  • Pay the applicable application fee

The Life in the UK Test Requirement

The Life in the UK test evaluates knowledge of British history, culture, traditions, and governance. It is a mandatory requirement for anyone applying for:

  • Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR)
  • British citizenship (naturalisation)

The test assesses English comprehension at CEFR B1 level (equivalent to ESOL Entry Level 3), covering topics from the official handbook Life in the United Kingdom: A Guide for New Residents.

English Language Requirement

Applicants must demonstrate English language ability at B1 level of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) in speaking and listening. This can be evidenced by:

  • Passing the Life in the UK test (which is conducted in English)
  • Holding a degree taught or researched in English
  • Passing an approved Secure English Language Test (SELT)
  • Being a national of a majority English-speaking country

Application Process

After meeting the test and language requirements, applicants submit their application with supporting documentation. This typically includes:

  • Completed application form
  • Valid passport or travel document
  • Biometric residence permit
  • Proof of continuous residence in the UK
  • Evidence of passing the Life in the UK test
  • Evidence of meeting the English language requirement
  • Payment of the application fee

Applications are submitted to UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI), part of the Home Office.

After Receiving ILR

Once granted ILR, a person can:

  • Live and work in the UK without restrictions
  • Access public funds and services
  • Apply for British citizenship after holding ILR for 12 months (if applying through naturalisation)

Important: Requirements may change over time. Applicants should always check the latest guidance on the official UK government website (www.gov.uk) before applying.

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